Zika Virus Test

Explanation

Zika virus testing may look for viral genetic material or for antibodies made by the immune system after infection.

What do the different tests look for?

A molecular test looks for genetic material from Zika virus in blood or urine. An antibody test looks for the immune response to infection in blood. These approaches answer different questions, so the test name and specimen on the report matter.

Why can interpretation be difficult?

A negative molecular result does not completely rule out a recent infection. An antibody called IgM can remain detectable for months or years. Antibodies to a related virus such as dengue can also make the Zika antibody test react; this is called cross-reaction. Clinicians therefore consider the test method, timing, symptoms, and possible exposure, and may recommend additional testing. A result alone cannot predict effects on a developing baby.

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