Testicular cancer is cancer that begins in one or both testicles.
The testicles are part of the male reproductive system. Testicular cancer begins in the tissue of one or both testicles. The name identifies where the cancer started, but it does not give the exact type, stage, which describes how far the cancer has spread, or outlook.
A lump or swelling needs clinical assessment because it can have different causes. Evaluation may combine a physical examination and ultrasound. Tissue assessment may be needed to establish the diagnosis, so a symptom or scan finding alone is not the same as a confirmed cancer diagnosis.

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