Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Tests
Explanation
Respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, is a virus that can infect the nose, throat and lungs. RSV tests look for the virus or material from it in a respiratory sample.
How do antigen and molecular tests differ?
An antigen test looks for proteins from RSV. A molecular test looks for the virus's genetic material. Molecular tests are generally more sensitive, which means they are more likely to detect RSV when it is present.
The sample may come from the nose, throat or another part of the breathing passages, depending on the test. Follow the collection instructions for the particular test because suitable samples differ.
Can a negative result miss RSV?
Yes. A negative result depends on the method, the type and quality of the sample, and when it was collected. An antigen test can miss infections that a molecular test detects. Too little virus in the sample can also lead to a negative result.
If RSV still seems possible, the care team may consider the symptoms, timing and whether another test is useful. A negative result should be interpreted for the exact method shown on the report.
What if the test is part of a respiratory panel?
A respiratory panel checks one sample for several selected viruses or bacteria. Panels do not all include the same organisms, so the report should show whether RSV was tested.
A positive RSV result confirms that the test detected RSV or material from it. The result alone does not show how severe the illness is.
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