HER2 testing
Explanation
HER2 is a protein involved in cell growth. Testing a tumor sample for HER2 can help identify treatments that may work against that cancer. In breast cancer reports, the result may include a protein-staining score and a gene test.
What do IHC and FISH measure?
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) uses staining to show HER2 protein in tissue. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) examines copies of the HER2 gene in the cancer cells. They answer related but different questions.
What does a breast cancer score of 2+ mean?
An IHC score of 2+ is not enough on its own to call a tumor HER2-positive. A gene test helps complete the classification. An IHC score of 3+ usually indicates HER2-positive breast cancer.
Can a low result still matter?
Yes. Some breast cancers with low or very low amounts of HER2 may qualify for particular treatments. Eligibility depends on the full findings and treatment history. A negative or low result does not mean there is no cancer.
HER2 testing is also used in some other cancers. Their interpretation can differ, so the cancer type and the final laboratory conclusion matter.
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