Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein measured mainly in blood. It is used as a tumor marker, a substance that can help monitor certain cancers. CEA is most often used in the care of bowel cancer. It is not a stand-alone cancer diagnosis.
If a cancer produces CEA, comparing results before, during and after treatment can help assess changes. Falling levels may support a response to treatment. A rise may lead to further tests, but does not automatically prove that cancer has returned.
Yes. Smoking and several non-cancer conditions, including liver disease and inflammation, can raise CEA. Some cancers produce little CEA, so a normal result cannot exclude cancer. These limits make it unsuitable as a general cancer screening test.
Laboratories may use different methods. Comparing tests done by the same method makes changes easier to interpret. Ask how the current value compares with earlier results and whether other findings support the same conclusion.

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