C. diff stool tests
Explanation
C. diff tests examine a stool sample for evidence of Clostridioides difficile, a bacterium that can cause diarrhea. Different tests look for bacterial proteins, toxin genes or toxins, the substances that can damage the bowel.
Why can different tests give different results?
A genetic test looks for the instructions that allow the bacteria to make toxins. A toxin test looks for the toxins themselves. Another test looks for a protein from the bacteria. Laboratories may combine methods because each provides different information.
The bacteria can be present without causing illness. A positive genetic or bacterial protein result therefore does not prove that C. diff is causing the symptoms. A negative toxin test can also miss infection. The combination of results, symptoms and other possible causes of diarrhea matters.
Can a repeat test prove that the infection has gone?
Tests can remain positive after a person has recovered, so routine repeat testing solely to prove cure is not recommended. New or returning symptoms need clinical assessment. For usual diagnostic testing, the laboratory examines a loose stool sample from someone with otherwise unexplained diarrhea.
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